The shelter of Biarzo was discovered by some cavers in 1976 and later,
in 1982, a campaign of excavations brought to light remains dating from
a period between Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic (approximately 13000-10000
BC). At that time the cave was much larger than at present and was used
during the bad season, from prehistoric hunters and gatherers, who, over
the winter, returning to migrate to alpine pastures. Inside the shelter
were found many flint tools, bone harpoons, jewelry, and especially the
remains of prey of which fed the inhabitants of the cave. The many animal
bones found, offering a glimpse of the fauna of the Valleys of Natisone
of about 12,000 years ago, consists primarily of deer, ibex and wild boar.
Only a few traces of fish caught, perhaps because the nearby river Natisone
were not there or because the shelter was probably attended only during
the coldest months, so bad for fishing. By analyzing the remains of more
recent earth layer, 8000-6000 BC, we note the disappearance of the bones
of ibex, with a significant increase in those deer as well as traces of
the fish. This confirm a progressive climate change, to temperatures less
cold, and also an use of the shelter during the summer months, during
which it was certainly easier to go fishing. Regarding the vegetation,
the pollen analysis conducted, defines a very cold and dry climate, as
it mainly dominated by herbaceous plants with a strong presence of mountain
pine. (12000 years ago) In later times, always as a result of climate
change, there was the spread of plants such as juniper, hazel, linden,
elm, hornbeam and birch, of which traces were found. The small cavern
was later abandoned (about 6000-7000 years ago), probably due to the collapse
of the roof, through which so, these ancient relics have been preserved.
The shelter of Biarzo is considered one of the most significant site in
all of North Italy, because it presents a wonderful earth layers sequence
and also because there were discovered the oldest tools in a transparent
quartz, called "Crystal of Rocca". It's really a sin that this archeological
site is little unknown, even by the inhabitants of the Valley of Natisone.
I heard however that as soon is proposed to clean the access trail to
the shelter, clean also the outside area, and will be installed new panels
with more and complete descriptions. I hope that this photographic material
published by me, could contribute to the appreciation of this place, where,
13000 years ago, lived the first inhabitants of the Valley of Natisone.
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